The rise of science in Ancient Greece: from superstition to logic

by Christodoulos Xinaris, Coordinator, Research of the Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan | Professor of Regenerative Medicine, UNIC Medical School

Introduction by Adonis Ioannides, Professor, Dean, UNIC Medical School

BRIEF SUMMARY

Between the 8th and 5th centuries B.C., a transformative period unfolded that significantly shaped human history: the Greek Civilization, stretching across the Mediterranean, Greece, Italy, and Asia Minor, laid the groundwork for the emergence of Science. This era marked a fundamental shift in the way people perceived and analyzed the world. Building upon the foundational knowledge of anatomy, astronomy, and arithmetic from pre-Hellenic cultures, the Greeks moved away from dogmatic beliefs and superstitions to establish the scientific method.

Why did science emerge specifically in this context and not in other equally advanced civilizations of the time or earlier? What conditions fostered the development of the scientific method at this unique moment and place? This lecture aims to explore these questions by analyzing the geographical, social, political, religious, and linguistic factors that characterized Greek culture during this period. Finally, we will consider how these factors have influenced the modern practice of science.

ABOUT THE SPEAKER

Christodoulos Xinaris is the Coordinator of Research of the Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research in Milan, Head of the Laboratory of Organ Regeneration at the same Institute, and a Professor of Regenerative Medicine at the University of Nicosia Medical School. He received a multidisciplinary training in several high-profile institutions, focusing on stem cells and regenerative medicine, as well as innovation strategies and management.

His research focuses on developing new methodologies for kidney and heart regeneration by using stem cells and modulating developmental processes. He has co-founded a non-governmental organisation, developed educational programmes for adolescents in communities, research and training projects both in Italy and in developing countries. He currently teaches and leads stem cell research at the University of Nicosia Medical School. Prof Xinaris has authored and co-authored a number of articles, reviews, and books in the field of regenerative medicine, and delivered talks in various leading universities, and received several studentships and prizes throughout his career. In 2016 he was knighted by the President of the Italian Republic for his contribution to science and society.